SCIENTER
scienter (sI-en-t[schwa]r or see-), n. [Latin ¡°knowingly¡±]1. A degree of knowledge that makes a person legally responsible for the consequences of his or her act or omission; the fact of an act’s having been done knowingly, esp. as a ground for civil damages or criminal punishment. See KNOWLEDGE; MENS REA . [Cases: Criminal Law 20; Negligence 212, 302. C.J.S. Criminal Law ¡ì¡ì 31¨C33, 35¨C39; Negligence¡ì¡ì 44, 46¨C55, 913.]
2. A mental state consisting in an intent to deceive, manipulate, or defraud. ? In this sense, the term is used most often in the context of securities fraud. The Supreme Court has held that to establish a claim for damages under Rule 10b-5, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant acted with scienter. Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185, 96 S.Ct. 1375 (1976). [Cases: Securities Regulation 60.45. C.J.S. Securities Regulation ¡ì 217.]
How do Chinese legal professionals usually express the term SCIENTER?